An Experimental Measure of Poverty
U.S. Census Bureau, "Experimental Poverty Measures: 1998," accessed online at http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/povmeas/exppov/exppov.html(January 12, 2000).

Fertility Rates
National Center for Health Statistics, "Births: Final Data for 1997," by S.J. Ventura, J.A. Martin, S.C. Curtin, and T.J. Mathews. National Vital Statistics Report 47, no. 18 (Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics), 1999.

Mortality Risks for Select Cause of Death
National Center for Health Statistics, Deaths: Final Data for 1997," by D.L. Hoyert, K.D. Kochanek, and S.L. Murphy. National Vital Statistics Report 47, no. 19 (Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics), 1999.

The Changing American Pie, 1999 and 2025
U.S. Bureau of the Census, "Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2050," accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/nasrh.html (April 23, 1999).
U.S. Census Bureau, �Population of States by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 to 1998,� accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/st_sasrh.html (Sept. 16, 1999).
U.S. Census Bureau, �State Projections by Single Year of Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2025,� accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/stproj.html (various files, May 23, 1999).

Minority Representation in Congress
Carmen E. Enciso, Hispanic Americans in Congress, 1822-1995 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1995): 135-136.
U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Resarch Service, "Black Members of the United States Congress: 1789-1997," by Mildred Lehmann Amer, Report 97-794 GOV (August 1997): 50-51.
David C. Ruffin, "Black Voters Assert Their Power," Focus 26, no. 12 (December 1998): 3-4, 8.
David A. Bositis, "Black Elected Officials, 1994-1997," Focus 26, no.9 (September 1998): Trendletter section; Congressional Hispanic Caucus, Inc., accessed online at http://www.chci.org/hisplinks.html (July 24, 1999).
James S. Lai, ed., 2000 National Asian Pacific American Political Almanac, 9^th ed. (Los Angeles: UCLA Asian American Studies Center, 1999).

Race and Ethnicity in the Census: 1860 to 2000
U.S. Bureau of the Census, 200 Years of U.S. Census Taking: Population and Housing Questions, 1790-1990, (Washington, DC: GPO, 1989).
Categories for the 2000 census are based on the 2000 Census Dress Rehearsal questionnaire.

Occupational Segregation
Data on occupational segregation are based on tabulations from the Census Bureau�s March Current Population Survey (CPS).
Statistics on minorities in professional sports are available from the Center for the Study of Sports in Society. "1998 Racial and Gender Report Card," accessed online at http://www.nuway.neu.edu/sport/ (September 1999).

All data, charts, and graphs on educational attainment are based on tabulations from the Census Bureau�s March Current Population Survey (CPS), and all data on school enrollment are based on results from the October CPS.

All data, charts, and graphs on marriage and family are based on tabulations from the Census Bureau’s March Current Population Survey (CPS).

U.S. Population: The Basics
U.S. Census Bureau, "Monthly Postcensal Resident Population, by Single Year of Age, Sex,Race, and Hispanic Origin," accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/nation/e90s/e9090rmp.txt (June 16, 1999).
http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/nation/e90s/e9999rmp.txt (Sept. 27, 1999).
U.S. Census Bureau, �State Population Estimates: Annual Time-Series, July 1, 1990 to July 1, 1998,� accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/st-98-3.txt (Jan. 7, 1999).

The Changing American Pie, 1999 and 2025
U.S. Census Bureau, �Resident Population Estimates of the United States by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 1990 to September 1, 1999� accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/nation/intfile3-1.txt (Sept. 30, 1999).
U.S. Census Bureau, �Annual Projections of Total Resident Population: Middle, Low, and High Series, 1996 to 2050� accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/natproj.html (Sept. 30, 1999)
U.S. Census Bureau, �State Projections by Single Year of Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2025,� accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/stproj.html (various files, May 23, 1999).

The Aging of the United States, 1999 and 2025
U.S. Census Bureau, Monthly Postcensal Resident Population, by single year of age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,� accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/nation/e90s/e9999rmp.txt (Sept. 27, 1999).
U.S. Bureau of the Census, "Resident Population of the United States: Middle Series Projections, 2015 - 2030, by Age and Sex," accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/projections/nation/nas/npas1530.txt (July 8, 1999).

Reapportionment Headed South, West
U.S. Census Bureau, "State Population Estimates and Demographic Components of Population Change: April 1, 1990 to July 1, 1998," accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/st-98-2.txt (Jan. 7, 1999).
U.S. Census Bureau, "Detailed State Projections by Single Year of Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2025," accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/st_yrby5.html (various files, May 23, 1999).
U.S. Census Bureau, "Computing Apportionment," accessed online at http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/methodof.html (May 23, 1999).

Apportionment calculations are based on the latest state population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. There are 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. Each state is automatically assigned one seat. The remaining 385 seats are distributed based on the population in each state. Using a spreadsheet program, we multiplied each state population estimate by a series of "multipliers" available from the Census Bureau Web site. We repeated this process 60 times. This results in a list of about 3,000 states and their "priority values." By sorting the list of states based on their priority values, we then determined how many House seats are likely to be assigned to each state. For more information, visit the Census Bureau Web site: http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/methodof.html.

The Current Population Survey (CPS) is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics to collect monthly statistics on employment and income in the United States. The CPS sample includes the civilian noninstitutional population of the United States. About 50,000 households are interviewed each month. Although the primary purpose of the survey is to collect labor force data, the survey also includes questions on basic demographic characteristics, education, income, and household and family structure. Many of the tables and graphs in AmeriStat are based on the CPS public-use microdata files. The March CPS, also known as the Annual Demographic Survey, contains the most comprehensive demographic information about the U.S. population and is therefore the most widely used. However, other supplemental data are available from other CPS monthly surveys, including detailed information about such subjects as race and ethnicity, voting and registration, school enrollment, and fertility and marital history. For additional information about the CPS, visit the CPS Web site:
http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/cpsmain.htm.